FCSys.Regions.Examples

Examples

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.ExamplesPackage (Icon for packages containing runnable examples).

Package Content

Name	Description
AnFP	Test the anode flow plate
AnGDL	Test the anode gas diffusion layer
AnCL	Test the anode catalyst layer
PEM	Test the proton exchange membrane
CaCL	Test the cathode catalyst layer
CaGDL	Test the cathode gas diffusion layer
CLtoCL	Test one catalyst layer to the other
GDLtoGDL	Test one gas diffusion layer to the other
CaFP	Test the cathode flow plate
FPtoFP	Test one flow plate to the other

FCSys.Regions.Examples.AnFP

Test the anode flow plate FCSys.Regions.Examples.AnFP

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type Name Default Description

NumberAbsolute psi_H2O environment.psi_H2O Mole fraction of H2O at the inlet [1]

NumberAbsolute psi_H2 environment.psi_dry Mole fraction of H2 at the inlet [1]

TestConditions testConditions Test conditions

Type	Name	Default	Description
NumberAbsolute	psi_H2O	environment.psi_H2O	Mole fraction of H2O at the inlet [1]
NumberAbsolute	psi_H2	environment.psi_dry	Mole fraction of H2 at the inlet [1]
TestConditions	testConditions		Test conditions

Modelica definition

model AnFP "Test the anode flow plate"

  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  parameter Q.NumberAbsolute psi_H2O=environment.psi_H2O 
    "Mole fraction of H2O at the inlet";
  parameter Q.NumberAbsolute psi_H2=environment.psi_dry 
    "Mole fraction of H2 at the inlet";

  output Q.Potential w=anFP.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.'e-'.Deltag[1] if 
    environment.analysis "Electrical potential";
  output Q.ResistanceElectrical R=w/zI if environment.analysis 
    "Measured electrical resistance";
  output Q.ResistanceElectrical R_ex=anFP.L[Axis.x]/(anFP.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.
      'e-'.sigma*anFP.A[Axis.x]*anFP.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.epsilon^1.5) 
    if environment.analysis "Expected electrical resistance";

  AnFPs.AnFP anFP;

  // Conditions
  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink anBC[anFP.n_y, anFP.n_z](each 
      graphite(
      'inclC+'=true,
      'incle-'=true,
      redeclare Conditions.ByConnector.ThermalDiffusive.Single.Temperature 'C+'
        (set(y=environment.T)),
      'e-'(materialSet(y=0))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source caBC[anFP.n_y, anFP.n_z](
    each gas(
      inclH2=true,
      inclH2O=true,
      H2(
        materialSet(y=zI/2),
        redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.heatRate,

        thermalSet(y=0)),
      H2O(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p_H2O),
        redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.heatRate,

        thermalSet(y=0))),
    each graphite('incle-'=true, 'e-'(materialSet(y=-zI), thermalSet(y=
              environment.T))),
    each liquid(inclH2O=true, H2O(redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.heatRate,
          thermalSet(y=0))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source anSource[anFP.n_x, anFP.n_z]
    (each gas(
      inclH2=true,
      inclH2O=true,
      H2(materialSet(y=-testConditions.Ndot_H2), thermalSet(y=environment.T)),
      H2O(materialSet(y=-testConditions.Ndot_H2O_an), thermalSet(y=environment.T))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink anSink[anFP.n_x, anFP.n_z](gas(
      each inclH2=true,
      each inclH2O=true,
      H2O(materialSet(y=fill(
              environment.p,
              anFP.n_x,
              anFP.n_z) - anSink.gas.H2.p)),
      H2(materialSet(y=anSink.gas.H2O.boundary.Ndot .* anFP.subregions[:, anFP.n_y,
              :].gas.H2O.v ./ anFP.subregions[:, anFP.n_y, :].gas.H2.v), 
          redeclare each function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.current)),
      each liquid(inclH2O=true, H2O(materialSet(y=environment.p))));

  inner Conditions.Environment environment(
    analysis=true,
    T=333.15*U.K,
    p=U.from_kPag(48.3),
    RH=0.8) "Environmental conditions";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp currentSet(
    height=100*U.A,
    duration=300,
    offset=U.mA);

protected 
  Connectors.RealOutputInternal zI(unit="N/T") "Electrical current";

public 
  Assemblies.Cells.Examples.TestConditions testConditions(I_ca=2*zI, I_an=1.5*
        zI) "Test conditions";

equation 
  connect(anBC.boundary, anFP.xNegative);

  connect(caBC.boundary, anFP.xPositive);

  connect(anSource.boundary, anFP.yNegative);
  connect(anSink.boundary, anFP.yPositive);
  connect(currentSet.y, zI);
end AnFP;

FCSys.Regions.Examples.AnGDL

Test the anode gas diffusion layer FCSys.Regions.Examples.AnGDL

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Modelica definition

model AnGDL "Test the anode gas diffusion layer"

  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  output Q.Potential w=anGDL.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.'e-'.Deltag[1] if 
    environment.analysis "Electrical potential";
  output Q.Current zI=-sum(anGDL.subregions[1, :, :].graphite.'e-'.I[1]) if 
    environment.analysis "Electrical current";
  output Q.ResistanceElectrical R=w/zI if environment.analysis 
    "Measured electrical resistance";
  output Q.ResistanceElectrical R_ex=anGDL.L[Axis.x]/(anGDL.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.
      'e-'.sigma*anGDL.A[Axis.x]*anGDL.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.epsilon^1.5)
    if environment.analysis "Expected electrical resistance";

  AnGDLs.AnGDL anGDL;

  // Conditions
  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink anBC[anGDL.n_y, anGDL.n_z](
    each gas(
      inclH2=true,
      inclH2O=true,
      H2(materialSet(y=environment.p_dry)),
      H2O(materialSet(y=environment.p_H2O))),
    each graphite(
      'inclC+'=true,
      'incle-'=true,
      'e-'(materialSet(y=0))),
    each liquid(inclH2O=true, H2O(materialSet(y=environment.p))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source caBC[anGDL.n_y, anGDL.n_z](
    each graphite(
      'inclC+'=true,
      'incle-'=true,
      'C+'(set(y=environment.T)),
      'e-'(materialSet(y=-currentSet.y), thermalSet(y=environment.T))),
    each liquid(inclH2O=true, H2O(
        thermalSet(y=environment.T),
        redeclare function afterSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force,

        redeclare function beforeSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force)),

    each gas(
      inclH2=true,
      inclH2O=true,
      H2O(
        thermalSet(y=environment.T),
        redeclare function afterSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force,

        redeclare function beforeSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force),

      H2(
        thermalSet(y=environment.T),
        redeclare function afterSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force,

        redeclare function beforeSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force)));

inner Conditions.Environment environment(
    analysis=true,
    T=333.15*U.K,
    p=U.from_kPag(48.3),
    RH=0.8) "Environmental conditions";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp currentSet(
    duration=20,
    height=100*U.A,
    offset=U.mA);

equation 
  connect(anGDL.xPositive, caBC.boundary);
  connect(anBC.boundary, anGDL.xNegative);
end AnGDL;

FCSys.Regions.Examples.AnCL

Test the anode catalyst layer FCSys.Regions.Examples.AnCL

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Modelica definition

model AnCL "Test the anode catalyst layer"

  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  output Q.Current zI=sum(anCL.subregions[1, :, :].graphite.'e-Transfer'.I) if 
    environment.analysis "Reaction rate";
  output Q.Potential w=anCL.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.'e-Transfer'.Deltag 
    "Overpotential";
  output Q.Number J_Apercm2=zI*U.cm^2/(anCL.A[Axis.x]*U.A) 
    "Electrical current density, in A/cm2";

  AnCLs.AnCL anCL;

  // Conditions
  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink anBC[anCL.n_y, anCL.n_z](
    each gas(
      inclH2=true,
      inclH2O=true,
      H2(materialSet(y=environment.p_dry)),
      H2O(materialSet(y=environment.p_H2O))),
    each graphite(
      'inclC+'=true,
      'incle-'=true,
      'e-'(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.current,

        materialSet(y=currentSet.y),
        redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.temperature,

        thermalSet(y=environment.T))),
    each liquid(inclH2O=true, H2O(materialSet(y=environment.p - U.kPa))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink caBC[anCL.n_y, anCL.n_z](each 
      ionomer(
      'inclH+'=true,
      inclH2O=false,
      'inclSO3-'=true,
      'H+'(materialSet(y=0))));

  inner Conditions.Environment environment(
    analysis=true,
    T=333.15*U.K,
    p=U.from_kPag(48.3),
    RH=0.8) "Environmental conditions";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp currentSet(
    duration=20,
    height=100*U.A,
    offset=U.mA);

equation 
  connect(anBC.boundary, anCL.xNegative);

  connect(anCL.xPositive, caBC.boundary);

end AnCL;

FCSys.Regions.Examples.PEM

Test the proton exchange membrane FCSys.Regions.Examples.PEM

Information

The protonic resistance is slightly higher than expected due solely to electrical resistance. Electro-osmotic drag applies additional resistance to the migration of protons.

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Modelica definition

model PEM "Test the proton exchange membrane"

  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  output Q.Potential w=environment.T*log(PEM.subregions[1, 1, 1].ionomer.'H+'.boundaries[
      1, Side.p].p/PEM.subregions[1, 1, 1].ionomer.'H+'.boundaries[1, Side.n].p)
    if environment.analysis "Isothermal electrical potential";
  output Q.Current zI=-sum(PEM.subregions[1, :, :].ionomer.'H+'.I[1]) if 
    environment.analysis "Electrical current";
  output Q.ConductanceElectrical G=zI/w if environment.analysis 
    "Measured electrical conductance";
  output Q.ConductanceElectrical G_ex=PEM.subregions[1, 1, 1].ionomer.'H+'.sigma
      *PEM.A[Axis.x]/PEM.L[Axis.x] if environment.analysis 
    "Expected electrical conductance";

  PEMs.PEM PEM;

  // Conditions
  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source anBC[PEM.n_y, PEM.n_z](each 
      ionomer(
      'inclSO3-'=true,
      'inclH+'=true,
      inclH2O=true,
      'H+'(materialSet(y=-currentSet.y), thermalSet(y=environment.T)),
      H2O(thermalSet(y=environment.T)),
      'SO3-'(set(y=environment.T))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink caBC[PEM.n_y, PEM.n_z](each 
      ionomer(
      'inclSO3-'=true,
      'inclH+'=true,
      inclH2O=false,
      'H+'(materialSet(y=U.atm))));

  inner Conditions.Environment environment(
    analysis=true,
    T=333.15*U.K,
    p=U.from_kPag(48.3),
    RH=0.7) "Environmental conditions";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp currentSet(
    duration=20,
    height=100*U.A,
    offset=U.mA);

equation 
  connect(anBC.boundary, PEM.xNegative);

  connect(PEM.xPositive, caBC.boundary);

end PEM;

FCSys.Regions.Examples.CaCL

Test the cathode catalyst layer FCSys.Regions.Examples.CaCL

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Modelica definition

model CaCL "Test the cathode catalyst layer"

  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  output Q.Current zI=-sum(caCL.subregions[1, :, :].graphite.'e-Transfer'.I) 
    if environment.analysis "Reaction rate";
  output Q.Potential w=-caCL.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.'e-Transfer'.Deltag 
    "Overpotential";
  output Q.Number J_Apercm2=zI*U.cm^2/(caCL.A[Axis.x]*U.A) 
    "Electrical current density, in A/cm2";

  CaCLs.CaCL caCL;

  // Conditions
  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source anBC[caCL.n_y, caCL.n_z](
      each ionomer(
      'inclH+'=true,
      inclH2O=false,
      'inclSO3-'=true,
      'H+'(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=0),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T)),
      'SO3-'(set(y=environment.T))));
  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source caBC[caCL.n_y, caCL.n_z](
    each gas(
      inclH2O=true,
      inclN2=true,
      inclO2=true,
      H2O(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p_H2O),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T)),
      N2(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p_dry - environment.p_O2),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T)),
      O2(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p_O2),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T))),
    each graphite(
      'inclC+'=false,
      'incle-'=true,
      'C+'(set(y=environment.T)),
      'e-'(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.current,

        materialSet(y=-currentSet.y),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T))),
    each liquid(inclH2O=true, H2O(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T))));

  inner Conditions.Environment environment(
    analysis=true,
    T=333.15*U.K,
    p=U.from_kPag(48.3),
    RH=0.6) "Environmental conditions";
  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp currentSet(
    duration=20,
    height=100*U.A,
    offset=U.mA);

equation 
  connect(anBC.boundary, caCL.xNegative);

  connect(caCL.xPositive, caBC.boundary);

end CaCL;

FCSys.Regions.Examples.CaGDL

Test the cathode gas diffusion layer FCSys.Regions.Examples.CaGDL

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Modelica definition

model CaGDL "Test the cathode gas diffusion layer"

  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  output Q.Potential w=caGDL.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.'e-'.Deltag[1] if 
    environment.analysis "Electrical potential";
  output Q.Current zI=-sum(caGDL.subregions[1, :, :].graphite.'e-'.I[1]) if 
    environment.analysis "Electrical current";
  output Q.ResistanceElectrical R=w/zI if environment.analysis 
    "Measured electrical resistance";
  output Q.ResistanceElectrical R_ex=caGDL.L[Axis.x]/(caGDL.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.
      'e-'.sigma*caGDL.A[Axis.x]*caGDL.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.epsilon^1.5)
    if environment.analysis "Expected electrical resistance";

  CaGDLs.CaGDL caGDL;

  // Conditions
  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink anBC[caGDL.n_y, caGDL.n_z](
    each gas(
      inclH2O=true,
      inclN2=true,
      inclO2=true,
      H2O(materialSet(y=environment.p_H2O)),
      N2(materialSet(y=environment.p_dry - environment.p_O2)),
      O2(materialSet(y=environment.p_O2))),
    each graphite(
      'inclC+'=true,
      'incle-'=true,
      redeclare Conditions.ByConnector.ThermalDiffusive.Single.Temperature 'C+'
        (set(y=environment.T)),
      'e-'(redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.temperature,
          thermalSet(y=environment.T))),
    each liquid(inclH2O=true, H2O(materialSet(y=environment.p))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source caBC[caGDL.n_y, caGDL.n_z](
    each gas(
      inclH2O=true,
      inclN2=true,
      inclO2=true,
      H2O(
        thermalSet(y=environment.T),
        redeclare function afterSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force,

        redeclare function beforeSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force),

      N2(
        thermalSet(y=environment.T),
        redeclare function afterSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force,

        redeclare function beforeSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force),

      O2(
        thermalSet(y=environment.T),
        redeclare function afterSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force,

        redeclare function beforeSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force)),

    each graphite(
      'inclC+'=true,
      'incle-'=true,
      'C+'(set(y=environment.T)),
      'e-'(materialSet(y=-currentSet.y), thermalSet(y=environment.T))),
    each liquid(inclH2O=true, H2O(
        thermalSet(y=environment.T),
        redeclare function afterSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force,

        redeclare function beforeSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force)));

inner Conditions.Environment environment(
    analysis=true,
    T=333.15*U.K,
    p=U.from_kPag(48.3),
    RH=0.6) "Environmental conditions";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp currentSet(
    duration=20,
    height=100*U.A,
    offset=U.mA);

equation 
  connect(anBC.boundary, caGDL.xNegative);
  connect(caGDL.xPositive, caBC.boundary);
end CaGDL;

FCSys.Regions.Examples.CLtoCL

Test one catalyst layer to the other FCSys.Regions.Examples.CLtoCL

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type Name Default Description

Length L_y[:] {8}*U.cm Lengths in the y direction [L]

Length L_z[:] {6.25}*U.cm Lengths in the z direction [L]

Type	Name	Default	Description
Length	L_y[:]	{8}*U.cm	Lengths in the y direction [L]
Length	L_z[:]	{6.25}*U.cm	Lengths in the z direction [L]

Modelica definition

model CLtoCL "Test one catalyst layer to the other"

  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  output Q.Potential w=anCL.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.'e-'.g_boundaries[1,
      Side.n] - caCL.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.'e-'.g_boundaries[1, Side.p] 
    if environment.analysis "Electrical potential";
  output Q.Current zI=-sum(anCL.subregions[1, :, :].graphite.'e-'.boundaries[1,
      Side.n].Ndot) if environment.analysis "Electrical current";
  output Q.Number J_Apercm2=zI*U.cm^2/(anCL.A[Axis.x]*U.A) if environment.analysis
    "Electrical current density, in A/cm2";

  parameter Q.Length L_y[:]={8}*U.cm "Lengths in the y direction";
  parameter Q.Length L_z[:]={6.25}*U.cm "Lengths in the z direction";

  AnCLs.AnCL anCL(final L_y=L_y, final L_z=L_z);

  PEMs.PEM PEM(final L_y=L_y, final L_z=L_z);
  CaCLs.CaCL caCL(final L_y=L_y, final L_z=L_z);

  // Conditions
  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink anBC[anCL.n_y, anCL.n_z](
    each gas(
      inclH2=true,
      inclH2O=true,
      H2(
        materialSet(y=environment.p_dry),
        redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.temperature,

        thermalSet(y=environment.T)),
      H2O(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p_H2O),
        redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.temperature,

        thermalSet(y=environment.T))),
    each graphite(
      'inclC+'=true,
      'incle-'=true,
      redeclare Conditions.ByConnector.ThermalDiffusive.Single.Temperature 'C+'
        (set(y=environment.T)),
      'e-'(redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.temperature,
          thermalSet(y=environment.T))),
    each liquid(inclH2O=true, H2O(materialSet(y=environment.p - U.kPa))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source caBC[caCL.n_y, caCL.n_z](
    each gas(
      inclH2O=true,
      inclO2=true,
      H2O(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p_H2O),
        redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.heatRate,

        thermalSet(y=0)),
      O2(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p_O2),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T))),
    each graphite(
      'inclC+'=true,
      'incle-'=true,
      'C+'(set(y=environment.T)),
      'e-'(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.current,

        materialSet(y=-currentSet.y),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T))),
    each liquid(inclH2O=true, H2O(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T))));

  inner Conditions.Environment environment(
    T=333.15*U.K,
    p=U.from_kPag(48.3),
    analysis=true,
    RH=0.7) "Environmental conditions";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp currentSet(duration=300, height=100*U.A);

equation 
  connect(anCL.xPositive, PEM.xNegative);
  connect(PEM.xPositive, caCL.xNegative);
  connect(anBC.boundary, anCL.xNegative);
  connect(caCL.xPositive, caBC.boundary);
end CLtoCL;

FCSys.Regions.Examples.GDLtoGDL

Test one gas diffusion layer to the other FCSys.Regions.Examples.GDLtoGDL

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type Name Default Description

Length L_y[:] {8}*U.cm Lengths in the y direction [L]

Length L_z[:] {6.25}*U.cm Lengths in the z direction [L]

Type	Name	Default	Description
Length	L_y[:]	{8}*U.cm	Lengths in the y direction [L]
Length	L_z[:]	{6.25}*U.cm	Lengths in the z direction [L]

Modelica definition

model GDLtoGDL "Test one gas diffusion layer to the other"

  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  output Q.Potential w=anCL.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.'e-'.g_boundaries[1,
      Side.n] - caCL.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.'e-'.g_boundaries[1, Side.p] 
    if environment.analysis "Electrical potential";
  output Q.Current zI=-sum(anCL.subregions[1, :, :].graphite.'e-'.boundaries[1,
      Side.n].Ndot) if environment.analysis "Electrical current";
  output Q.Number J_Apercm2=zI*U.cm^2/(anCL.A[Axis.x]*U.A) 
    "Electrical current density, in A/cm2";

  parameter Q.Length L_y[:]={8}*U.cm "Lengths in the y direction";
  parameter Q.Length L_z[:]={6.25}*U.cm "Lengths in the z direction";

  AnGDLs.AnGDL anGDL;
  AnCLs.AnCL anCL(final L_y=L_y, final L_z=L_z);
  PEMs.PEM PEM(final L_y=L_y, final L_z=L_z);

  CaCLs.CaCL caCL(final L_y=L_y, final L_z=L_z);
  CaGDLs.CaGDL caGDL(
    final L_y=L_y,
    final L_z=L_z,
    subregions(liquid(H2O(each phi(each stateSelect=StateSelect.default, each 
              fixed=false)))));

  // Conditions
  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink anBC[anCL.n_y, anCL.n_z](
    each gas(
      inclH2=true,
      inclH2O=true,
      H2(
        materialSet(y=environment.p_dry),
        redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.temperature,

        thermalSet(y=environment.T)),
      H2O(
        materialSet(y=environment.p_H2O),
        redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.temperature,

        thermalSet(y=environment.T))),
    each graphite(
      'inclC+'=true,
      'incle-'=true,
      redeclare Conditions.ByConnector.ThermalDiffusive.Single.Temperature 'C+'
        (set(y=environment.T)),
      'e-'(
        materialSet(y=0),
        redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.temperature,

        thermalSet(y=environment.T))),
    each liquid(inclH2O=true, H2O(
        materialSet(y=environment.p),
        redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.temperature,

        thermalSet(y=environment.T))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source caBC[caGDL.n_y, caGDL.n_z](
    each gas(
      inclH2O=true,
      inclN2=true,
      inclO2=true,
      H2O(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p_H2O),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T),
        redeclare function afterSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force,

        redeclare function beforeSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force),

      N2(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p*(1 - environment.psi_O2_dry)),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T),
        redeclare function afterSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force,

        redeclare function beforeSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force),

      O2(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p_O2),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T),
        redeclare function afterSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force,

        redeclare function beforeSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force)),

    each graphite(
      'inclC+'=true,
      'incle-'=true,
      'C+'(set(y=environment.T)),
      'e-'(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.current,

        materialSet(y=-currentSet.y),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T))),
    each liquid(inclH2O=true,H2O(
        materialSet(y=0),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T),
        redeclare function afterSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force,

        redeclare function beforeSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Translational.force)));

inner Conditions.Environment environment(
    analysis=true,
    T=333.15*U.K,
    p=U.from_kPag(48.3),
    RH=0.7) "Environmental conditions";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp currentSet(duration=300, height=100*U.A);

equation 
  connect(anCL.xPositive, PEM.xNegative);
  connect(PEM.xPositive, caCL.xNegative);
  connect(caGDL.xPositive, caBC.boundary);
  connect(caCL.xPositive, caGDL.xNegative);
  connect(anBC.boundary, anGDL.xNegative);
  connect(anGDL.xPositive, anCL.xNegative);
end GDLtoGDL;

FCSys.Regions.Examples.CaFP

Test the cathode flow plate FCSys.Regions.Examples.CaFP

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type Name Default Description

NumberAbsolute psi_H2O environment.psi_H2O Mole fraction of H2O at the inlet [1]

NumberAbsolute psi_N2 (1 - environment.psi_O2_dry)… Mole fraction of N2 at the inlet [1]

NumberAbsolute psi_O2 environment.psi_O2_dry*envir… Mole fraction of O2 at the inlet [1]

TestConditions testConditions Test conditions

Type	Name	Default	Description
NumberAbsolute	psi_H2O	environment.psi_H2O	Mole fraction of H2O at the inlet [1]
NumberAbsolute	psi_N2	(1 - environment.psi_O2_dry)…	Mole fraction of N2 at the inlet [1]
NumberAbsolute	psi_O2	environment.psi_O2_dry*envir…	Mole fraction of O2 at the inlet [1]
TestConditions	testConditions		Test conditions

Modelica definition

model CaFP "Test the cathode flow plate"

  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  parameter Q.NumberAbsolute psi_H2O=environment.psi_H2O 
    "Mole fraction of H2O at the inlet";
  parameter Q.NumberAbsolute psi_N2=(1 - environment.psi_O2_dry)*environment.psi_dry
    "Mole fraction of N2 at the inlet";
  parameter Q.NumberAbsolute psi_O2=environment.psi_O2_dry*environment.psi_dry 
    "Mole fraction of O2 at the inlet";

  output Q.Potential w=caFP.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.'e-'.Deltag[1] if 
    environment.analysis "Electrical potential";
  output Q.ResistanceElectrical R=w/zI if environment.analysis 
    "Measured electrical resistance";
  output Q.ResistanceElectrical R_ex=caFP.L[Axis.x]/(caFP.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.
      'e-'.sigma*caFP.A[Axis.x]*caFP.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.epsilon^1.5) 
    if environment.analysis "Expected electrical resistance";

  CaFPs.CaFP caFP;

  // Conditions
  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink caBC[caFP.n_y, caFP.n_z](each 
      graphite(
      'inclC+'=true,
      'incle-'=true,
      redeclare Conditions.ByConnector.ThermalDiffusive.Single.Temperature 'C+'
        (set(y=environment.T)),
      'e-'(materialSet(y=0))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source anBC[caFP.n_y, caFP.n_z](
    each gas(
      inclH2O=true,
      inclN2=false,
      inclO2=true,
      H2O(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p_H2O),
        redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.heatRate,

        thermalSet(y=0)),
      N2(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.pressure,

        materialSet(y=environment.p*psi_N2),
        redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.heatRate,

        thermalSet(y=0)),
      O2(
        materialSet(y=zI/2),
        redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.heatRate,

        thermalSet(y=0))),
    each graphite('incle-'=true, 'e-'(materialSet(y=-zI), thermalSet(y=
              environment.T))),
    each liquid(inclH2O=true, H2O(redeclare function thermalSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Thermal.heatRate,
          thermalSet(y=0))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source caSource[caFP.n_x, caFP.n_z]
    (each gas(
      inclH2O=true,
      inclN2=false,
      inclO2=true,
      H2O(materialSet(y=-testConditions.Ndot_H2O_ca), thermalSet(y=environment.T)),

      N2(materialSet(y=-testConditions.Ndot_N2), thermalSet(y=environment.T)),
      O2(materialSet(y=-testConditions.Ndot_O2), thermalSet(y=environment.T))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink caSink[caFP.n_x, caFP.n_z](gas(
      each inclH2O=true,
      each inclN2=true,
      each inclO2=true,
      H2O(materialSet(y=fill(
              environment.p,
              caFP.n_x,
              caFP.n_z) - caSink.gas.N2.p - caSink.gas.O2.p)),
      N2(materialSet(y=caSink.gas.H2O.boundary.Ndot .* caFP.subregions[:, caFP.n_y,
              :].gas.H2O.v ./ caFP.subregions[:, caFP.n_y, :].gas.N2.v), 
          redeclare each function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.current),

      O2(materialSet(y=caSink.gas.H2O.boundary.Ndot .* caFP.subregions[:, caFP.n_y,
              :].gas.H2O.v ./ caFP.subregions[:, caFP.n_y, :].gas.O2.v), 
          redeclare each function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.current)),
      each liquid(inclH2O=true, H2O(materialSet(y=environment.p))));

  inner Conditions.Environment environment(
    analysis=true,
    T=333.15*U.K,
    p=U.from_kPag(48.3),
    RH=0.8) "Environmental conditions";

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp currentSet(
    height=100*U.A,
    duration=300,
    offset=U.mA);

protected 
  Connectors.RealOutputInternal zI(unit="N/T") "Electrical current";

public 
  Assemblies.Cells.Examples.TestConditions testConditions(I_ca=2*zI, I_an=1.5*
        zI) "Test conditions";

equation 
  connect(caSource.boundary, caFP.yNegative);
  connect(caSink.boundary, caFP.yPositive);
  connect(currentSet.y, zI);
  connect(anBC.boundary, caFP.xNegative);
  connect(caFP.xPositive, caBC.boundary);
end CaFP;

FCSys.Regions.Examples.FPtoFP

Test one flow plate to the other FCSys.Regions.Examples.FPtoFP

Information

Extends from Modelica.Icons.Example (Icon for runnable examples).

Parameters

Type Name Default Description

Boolean inclLiq true Include liquid H2O

NumberAbsolute psi_H2O environment.psi_H2O Mole fraction of H2O at the inlet [1]

NumberAbsolute psi_H2 environment.psi_dry Mole fraction of H2 at the inlet [1]

NumberAbsolute psi_O2 environment.psi_O2_dry*envir… Mole fraction of O2 at the inlet [1]

NumberAbsolute psi_N2 (1 - environment.psi_O2_dry)… Mole fraction of N2 at the inlet [1]

Length L_y[:] {8}*U.cm Lengths in the y direction [L]

Length L_z[:] {6.25}*U.cm Lengths in the z direction [L]

TestConditions testConditions Test conditions

Type	Name	Default	Description
Boolean	inclLiq	true	Include liquid H2O
NumberAbsolute	psi_H2O	environment.psi_H2O	Mole fraction of H2O at the inlet [1]
NumberAbsolute	psi_H2	environment.psi_dry	Mole fraction of H2 at the inlet [1]
NumberAbsolute	psi_O2	environment.psi_O2_dry*envir…	Mole fraction of O2 at the inlet [1]
NumberAbsolute	psi_N2	(1 - environment.psi_O2_dry)…	Mole fraction of N2 at the inlet [1]
Length	L_y[:]	{8}*U.cm	Lengths in the y direction [L]
Length	L_z[:]	{6.25}*U.cm	Lengths in the z direction [L]
TestConditions	testConditions		Test conditions

Modelica definition

model FPtoFP "Test one flow plate to the other"
  extends Modelica.Icons.Example;

  parameter Boolean inclLiq=true "Include liquid H2O";
  parameter Q.NumberAbsolute psi_H2O=environment.psi_H2O 
    "Mole fraction of H2O at the inlet";
  parameter Q.NumberAbsolute psi_H2=environment.psi_dry 
    "Mole fraction of H2 at the inlet";
  parameter Q.NumberAbsolute psi_O2=environment.psi_O2_dry*environment.psi_dry 
    "Mole fraction of O2 at the inlet";
  parameter Q.NumberAbsolute psi_N2=(1 - environment.psi_O2_dry)*environment.psi_dry
    "Mole fraction of N2 at the inlet";
  output Q.Number J_Apercm2=zI*U.cm^2/(caFP.A[Axis.x]*U.A) 
    "Electrical current density, in A/cm2";
  output Q.Potential w=anFP.subregions[1, 1, 1].graphite.'e-'.g_boundaries[1,
      Side.n] - caFP.subregions[end, 1, 1].graphite.'e-'.g_boundaries[1, Side.p]
    if environment.analysis "Electrical potential";

  parameter Q.Length L_y[:]={8}*U.cm "Lengths in the y direction";
  parameter Q.Length L_z[:]={6.25}*U.cm "Lengths in the z direction";

  // Layers
  AnFPs.AnFP anFP(
    final L_y=L_y,
    final L_z=L_z,
    subregions(each liquid(inclH2O=inclLiq)));
  AnGDLs.AnGDL anGDL(
    final L_y=L_y,
    final L_z=L_z,
    subregions(each liquid(inclH2O=inclLiq)));
  AnCLs.AnCL anCL(
    final L_y=L_y,
    final L_z=L_z,
    subregions(each liquid(inclH2O=inclLiq)));
  PEMs.PEM PEM(final L_y=L_y, final L_z=L_z);
  CaCLs.CaCL caCL(
    final L_y=L_y,
    final L_z=L_z,
    subregions(each liquid(inclH2O=inclLiq)));
  CaGDLs.CaGDL caGDL(
    final L_y=L_y,
    final L_z=L_z,
    subregions(each liquid(inclH2O=inclLiq)));
  CaFPs.CaFP caFP(
    final L_y=L_y,
    final L_z=L_z,
    subregions(each liquid(inclH2O=inclLiq)));

  // Conditions
  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink anBC[anFP.n_y, anFP.n_z](each 
      graphite(
      'inclC+'=true,
      'incle-'=true,
      redeclare Conditions.ByConnector.ThermalDiffusive.Single.Temperature 'C+'
        (set(y=environment.T)),
      'e-'(materialSet(y=0))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source anSource[anFP.n_x, anFP.n_z]
    (each gas(
      inclH2=true,
      inclH2O=true,
      H2(materialSet(y=-testConditions.Ndot_H2), thermalSet(y=environment.T)),
      H2O(materialSet(y=-testConditions.Ndot_H2O_an), thermalSet(y=environment.T))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink anSink[anFP.n_x, anFP.n_z](gas(
      each inclH2=true,
      each inclH2O=true,
      H2(redeclare each function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.current,
          materialSet(y=anSink.gas.H2O.boundary.Ndot .* anFP.subregions[:, anFP.n_y,
              :].gas.H2O.v ./ anFP.subregions[:, anFP.n_y, :].gas.H2.v)),
      H2O(materialSet(y=fill(
              environment.p,
              anFP.n_x,
              anFP.n_z) - anSink.gas.H2.p))), each liquid(inclH2O=inclLiq, H2O(
          materialSet(y=environment.p))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source caBC[caFP.n_y, caFP.n_z](
      each graphite(
      'inclC+'=true,
      'incle-'=true,
      'C+'(set(y=environment.T)),
      'e-'(
        redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.current,

        materialSet(y=-zI),
        thermalSet(y=environment.T))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Source caSource[caFP.n_x, caFP.n_z]
    (each gas(
      inclH2O=true,
      inclN2=true,
      inclO2=true,
      H2O(materialSet(y=-testConditions.Ndot_H2O_ca), thermalSet(y=environment.T)),

      N2(materialSet(y=-testConditions.Ndot_N2), thermalSet(y=environment.T)),
      O2(materialSet(y=-testConditions.Ndot_O2), thermalSet(y=environment.T))));

  Conditions.ByConnector.BoundaryBus.Single.Sink caSink[caFP.n_x, caFP.n_z](gas(
      each inclH2O=true,
      each inclN2=true,
      each inclO2=true,
      H2O(materialSet(y=fill(
              environment.p,
              caFP.n_x,
              caFP.n_z) - caSink.gas.N2.p - caSink.gas.O2.p)),
      N2(redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.current,
          materialSet(y=caSink.gas.H2O.boundary.Ndot .* caFP.subregions[:, caFP.n_y,
              :].gas.H2O.v ./ caFP.subregions[:, caFP.n_y, :].gas.N2.v)),
      O2(redeclare function materialSpec = Conditions.ByConnector.Boundary.Single.Material.current,
          materialSet(y=caSink.gas.H2O.boundary.Ndot .* caFP.subregions[:, caFP.n_y,
              :].gas.H2O.v ./ caFP.subregions[:, caFP.n_y, :].gas.O2.v))), 
      each liquid(inclH2O=inclLiq,H2O(materialSet(y=environment.p))));

  Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Ramp currentSet(
    offset=U.mA,
    startTime=50,
    duration=600,
    height=100*U.A);

protected 
  Connectors.RealOutputInternal zI(unit="N/T") "Electrical current";

  inner Conditions.Environment environment(
    a={0,0,0},
    analysis=true,
    T=333.15*U.K,
    p=U.from_kPag(48.3),
    RH=0.7) "Environmental conditions";

public 
  Assemblies.Cells.Examples.TestConditions testConditions(I_ca=2*zI, I_an=1.5*
        zI) "Test conditions";

equation 
  connect(anCL.xPositive, PEM.xNegative);
  connect(PEM.xPositive, caCL.xNegative);
  connect(caCL.xPositive, caGDL.xNegative);
  connect(anCL.xNegative, anGDL.xPositive);
  connect(anBC.boundary, anFP.xNegative);
  connect(anSource.boundary, anFP.yNegative);
  connect(anSink.boundary, anFP.yPositive);
  connect(currentSet.y, zI);
  connect(caBC.boundary, caFP.xPositive);
  connect(anGDL.xNegative, anFP.xPositive);
  connect(caGDL.xPositive, caFP.xNegative);
  connect(caFP.yNegative, caSource.boundary);
  connect(caSink.boundary, caFP.yPositive);
end FPtoFP;

FCSys

Table of Contents

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FCSys.Regions.Examples

Information

Package Content

FCSys.Regions.Examples.AnFP

Information

Parameters

Modelica definition

FCSys.Regions.Examples.AnGDL

Information

Modelica definition

FCSys.Regions.Examples.AnCL

Information

Modelica definition

FCSys.Regions.Examples.PEM

Information

Modelica definition

FCSys.Regions.Examples.CaCL

Information

Modelica definition

FCSys.Regions.Examples.CaGDL

Information

Modelica definition

FCSys.Regions.Examples.CLtoCL

Information

Parameters

Modelica definition

FCSys.Regions.Examples.GDLtoGDL

Information

Parameters

Modelica definition

FCSys.Regions.Examples.CaFP

Information

Parameters

Modelica definition

FCSys.Regions.Examples.FPtoFP

Information

Parameters

Modelica definition